Guidebook Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Understanding the "Reference Electrode" role in Electrochemical Measurements
1-1 Why is a reference electrode necessary? – Its role in accurately determining the working electrode potential
1-2 The universal potential scale "SHE" – Mechanism and challenges of the Standard Hydrogen Electrode
1-3 Practical selection of reference electrodes – What are "secondary standards" that balance stability and ease of use?
Chapter 2: Recommended Reference Electrodes by Measurement Environment
2-1 Measurements in aqueous solutions – Features of Ag/AgCl electrodes, calomel electrodes, and alkaline electrodes
2-2 Measurements in non-aqueous (organic solvent) systems – Fabrication of Ag/Ag+ electrodes and IUPAC-recommended correction methods
2-3 Reactions involving protons (H+) – Advantages of the Reversible Hydrogen Electrode (RHE)
Chapter 3: [Practical Guide] Points for Selecting Electrodes Without Failure
3-1 Selection criteria for aqueous and non-aqueous systems – Liquid junction potentials and choice of supporting electrolytes
3-2 Precautions in special environments – Temperature control
3-3 Reference electrode selection flowchart – Select the optimal electrode by answering simple questions
Chapter 4: Common Beginner Mistakes and Countermeasures
4-1 Errors due to voltage drop (E = IR) – Effects of solution resistance on measurements
4-2 Electrode degradation and clogging – Causes and countermeasures for noise and abnormal potential shifts
4-3 Never mix aqueous and non-aqueous systems – Preventing measurement failure due to liquid junction potentials
Chapter 5: Quality and Traceability Supporting Reliability
5-1 Performance checks for each electrode – Data disclosure system using serial numbers
Chapter 6: Maintenance for Long-Term Use
6-1 Potential checks and replacement timing – Practical comparison procedures with new electrodes
6-2 Precautions for using each type of reference electrode
Chapter 7: Summary on Reference Electrodes
7-1 The key to accurate experiments – Maintaining a stable "ruler"
7-2 Advantages of choosing BAS products